101 Alimentos saludables para tener en tu casa

El prof. De Luis, además de ser un referente nacional e internacional en el campo del Metabolismo y la Nutrición, se embarcó desde hace unos años en divulgar el conocimiento nutricional. “Nutrición para todos los públicos” podía ser el lema de su aventura. Bajo el auspicio de la Universidad de Valladolid, que publica esta obra, da continuidad a la tarea que comenzó con su obra anterior (21 consejos nutricionales para vivir sanos), de la que ya dimos rendida cuenta en su momento en la revista Nutrición Hospitalari

El espacio de los editores: Nutrición Hospitalaria en 2017

Como es habitual, coincidiendo con el comienzo de un nuevo ejercicio, el Comité Editorial da cuenta del último año en Nutrición Hospitalaria (NH), de su situación general, de los cambios producidos y de los resultados obtenidos. Dos son los aspectos relevantes durante 2017, en apariencia, contrapuestos: el incremento en la visibilidad de la revista y, a la vez, la disminución en el factor de impacto Journal Citation Report (JCR)

CO-121 Aplicación de Técnicas Analíticas Avanzadas en el Desarrollo de Nuevas Formulaciones para la Limpieza de Barnices en Obras de Arte

Cuando se lleva a cabo la limpieza de suciedad y de barniz en obras de arte con disolvente o emulsiones en medio acuoso es necesario considerar los efectos que pueden ocasionar sobre la policromía original. Este trabajo recoge los resultados de un estudio experimental sobre la eficacia de diferentes emulsiones a base de limonero para la limpieza de barnices en obras de arte, analizando su grado de eficacia, la permanencia de residuos en superficie y las posibles interacciones con las capas de policromía. La eficacia del tratamiento se ha comprobado mediante iluminación con luz ultravioleta, microscopía óptica polarizada, espectroscopía micro-Raman y cromatografía de gases acoplada a espectometría de masas

Guía de recomendaciones sobre las dietas vegetarianas en niños

Existe un número cada vez mayor de personas que siguen una dieta vegetariana, también niños y adolescentes. Los motivos por lo que las familias eligen las dietas vegetarianas son diversos, en la mayoría de ocasiones por razones éticas o ecológicas. Aunque estas dietas, bien planeadas, pueden ser adecuadas para todas las etapas del ciclo vital, incluida la infancia y la adolescencia, se ha de garantizar una ingesta adecuada de nutrientes, en especial a medida que la dieta se vuelve más restringida (dietas veganas). El Comité de Nutrición de la AEP ha considerado de interés elaborar unas recomendaciones para el seguimiento de niños que siguen una dieta vegetariana. En este documento se repasan los alimentos que forman parte más frecuentemente de una dieta vegetariana, así como de los nutrientes en los que hay que prestar una atención especial (hierro, zinc, calcio, yodo, vitamina D, vitamina B12 y ácidos grasos polinsaturados n-3. Es imprescindible el suplemento de vitamina B12 oral, en forma de cianocobalamina, para todas las personas vegetarianas y veganas. Los niños y niñas que siguen dietas equilibradas y que están creciendo y desarrollándose con normalidad requieren los mismos controles de salud que cualquier otro niño sano. No obstante, habrá que prestar especial atención a las diferentes necesidades según las etapas de la vida en las que se realice una dieta vegetariana. There are an increasing number of subjects following a vegetarian diet, including children and adolescents. Most families follow this because of ecological or ethical reasons. Those diets, if well-planned, may be adequate in every life stage, including younger ages. Nevertheless, an adequate intake of all nutrients should be guaranteed, especially in more restricted diets (vegans). The Committee on Nutrition has decided to publish some guidelines for paediatricians who care for children following a vegetarian diet. In this paper more common foods used by vegetarians are reviewed, as well as those nutrients that need a special attention (iron, zinc, calcium, iodine, vitamin D, vitamin B12, and n-3 fatty acids). It is essential to provide supplemental B12 in all vegetarian subjects, including infants. Children on a balanced vegetarian diet, who are growing normally, do not require any specific health controls. Nevertheless, paediatricians should closely follow-up that every nutritional need is covered through all ages

Los primeros 1000 días: una oportunidad para reducir la carga de las enfermedades no transmisibles

El crecimiento y desarrollo de un individuo está determinado desde la etapa embrionaria por su genética y los factores ambientales con los que interactúa. Los riesgos para la salud infantil y adulta pueden programarse durante las etapas fetal-neonatal y esta programación metabólica precoz puede afectar al desarrollo posterior de enfermedades como la obesidad y otras enfermedades no transmisibles (ENT) asociadas. La vida temprana, por la gran plasticidad que la caracteriza, constituye el momento ideal para intervenir y prevenir el riesgo de ENT (ventana de oportunidad). Una nutrición óptima durante los primeros 1000 días, que comprende desde la concepción hasta los dos años, es clave para la salud a lo largo de la vida. El rápido crecimiento y desarrollo del organismo y sus funciones durante el embarazo, la lactancia y el niño de corta edad conlleva requisitos nutricionales específicos en cada una de estas etapas. La microbiota del tracto gastrointestinal desempeña una labor fundamental en la función y el desarrollo del sistema inmune. Las interacciones entre el hospedador y su microbiota intestinal se consideran factores potenciales en la programación temprana de las funciones intestinales, con una evidencia creciente de que las alteraciones de la colonización bacteriana en el neonato se asocian con un mayor riesgo de enfermedad, incluidas las enfermedades alérgicas. La evidencia científica acumulada muestra que los primeros 1000 días son cruciales para alcanzar el mejor desarrollo y salud a largo plazo, y constituyen un periodo estratégico en términos de prevención y salud pública. Growth and development are determined by genetic and environmental factors since the very early embryonic life. Long-term health risks, as obesity and other non-communicable diseases (NCD), could be programmed since these early stages. Early life, characterized by plasticity, is the ideal time to intervene and to prevent the risk of suffering a NCD (window of opportunity). Optimal nutrition during the first 1, 000 days, since conception to the end of the second year of life, has a determinant role for long-term health. Pregnancy, infancy and toddler periods have specific nutritional requirements. Intestinal microbiota enhances maturation and functioning of the immune system. The interactions between host and intestinal microbiota are potential factors influencing early programming of the intestinal function. Alterations in intestinal colonization are associated to a higher risk of allergic diseases in childhood. Scientific evidence supports the fact that the first 1,000 days are crucial to achieve a better long-term health and represents a strategic period to intervene under the perspective of prevention and public health

Los primeros 1000 días: una oportunidad para reducir la carga de las enfermedades no transmisibles

El crecimiento y desarrollo de un individuo está determinado desde la etapa embrionaria por su genética y los factores ambientales con los que interactúa. Los riesgos para la salud infantil y adulta pueden programarse durante las etapas fetal-neonatal y esta programación metabólica precoz puede afectar al desarrollo posterior de enfermedades como la obesidad y otras enfermedades no transmisibles (ENT) asociadas. La vida temprana, por la gran plasticidad que la caracteriza, constituye el momento ideal para intervenir y prevenir el riesgo de ENT (ventana de oportunidad). Una nutrición óptima durante los primeros 1000 días, que comprende desde la concepción hasta los dos años, es clave para la salud a lo largo de la vida. El rápido crecimiento y desarrollo del organismo y sus funciones durante el embarazo, la lactancia y el niño de corta edad conlleva requisitos nutricionales específicos en cada una de estas etapas. La microbiota del tracto gastrointestinal desempeña una labor fundamental en la función y el desarrollo del sistema inmune. Las interacciones entre el hospedador y su microbiota intestinal se consideran factores potenciales en la programación temprana de las funciones intestinales, con una evidencia creciente de que las alteraciones de la colonización bacteriana en el neonato se asocian con un mayor riesgo de enfermedad, incluidas las enfermedades alérgicas. La evidencia científica acumulada muestra que los primeros 1000 días son cruciales para alcanzar el mejor desarrollo y salud a largo plazo, y constituyen un periodo estratégico en términos de prevención y salud pública.Growth and development are determined by genetic and environmental factors since the very early embryonic life. Long-term health risks, as obesity and other non-communicable diseases (NCD), could be programmed since these early stages. Early life, characterized by plasticity, is the ideal time to intervene and to prevent the risk of suffering a NCD (window of opportunity). Optimal nutrition during the first 1,000 days, since conception to the end of the second year of life, has a determinant role for long-term health. Pregnancy, infancy and toddler periods have specific nutritional requirements. Intestinal microbiota enhances maturation and functioning of the immune system. The interactions between host and intestinal microbiota are potential factors influencing early programming of the intestinal function. Alterations in intestinal colonization are associated to a higher risk of allergic diseases in childhood. Scientific evidence supports the fact that the first 1,000 days are crucial to achieve a better long-term health and represents a strategic period to intervene under the perspective of prevention and public health

Longer breastfeeding duration is associated with lower consumption of ultraprocessed foods in a sample of spanish preschoolers: The SENDO project

Background: Breastfeeding has been linked to a higher consumption of fruit and vegetables at ages 4 to 5 years. More recently, it has been suggested that it may also be associated with lower ultraprocessed food (UPF) consumption in childhood. Objective: The aim of this study was to assess whether breastfeeding duration was associated with consumption of UPF in a sample of Mediterranean preschoolers. Design: This study involved a cross-sectional analysis of baseline information of children in the Child Follow-Up for Optimal Development cohort. Children were enrolled at ages 4 to 5 years and information was gathered through an online questionnaire completed by parents. Dietary information was collected with a previously validated semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire and foods were classified based on the degree of processing according to the NOVA classification. Participants/setting: This study used baseline information for 806 participants enrolled in the Child Follow-Up for Optimal Development cohort between January 2015 and June 2021 in Spain. Main outcomes measures: Main study outcome measures were difference in grams per day and in the percentage of total energy intake from UPF consumption related to breastfeeding duration, and odds ratio that UPF represents a high percentage of total energy intake. Statistical analyses: Crude and multivariable adjusted estimates were calculated with generalized estimating equations to account for intracluster correlation between siblings. Results: The prevalence of breastfeeding in the sample was 84%. After adjusting for potential confounders, children who were breastfed for some time reported significantly lower consumption of UPF than children who were not breastfed at all. The mean differences were -19.2 g (95% CI -44.2 to 10.8) for children who were breastfed for <6 months, -42.5 g (95% CI -77.2 to -7.80) for those who were breastfed for 6 to 12 months, and -43.6 g (95% CI -79.8 to -7.48) for those who were breastfed for 12 months or more (P value for trend = 0.01). After adjusting for potential confounders, compared with children who were not breastfed, those who were breastfed for ≥12 months had consistently lower odds of UPF representing more than 25%, 30%, 35%, and 40% of total energy intake. Conclusions: Breastfeeding is associated with lower consumption of UPF in Spanish preschoolers

Dietary and Lifestyle Patterns in the Spanish Pediatric Population (One to <10 Years Old): Design, Protocol, and Methodology of the EsNuPI Study

The interest in a healthy diet and lifestyle during the early stages of life increased, pointing out its role in the development of noncommunicable chronic diseases throughout adult life. Dietary habits and dietary patterns begin to be established in early childhood and persist during adulthood. Therefore, the EsNuPI ("Nutritional Study in Spanish Pediatric Population") study aims to depict the dietary patterns, physical activity, and sedentary behaviors in Spanish children aged from one to 50,000 inhabitants, stratified by Nielsen areas. Participants were involved in one face-to-face survey, followed by a telephone survey after at least one week. Information about dietary intake and habits was obtained using a quantitative food frequency questionnaire and two 24-h dietary recalls. Physical activity and sedentary behaviors were registered using a specific questionnaire based on a seven-day record. Data were processed and stratified by categorical variables to be statistically analyzed in order to meet the study objectives. This study is the first of its kind in a Spanish reference population of this age range and the first to evaluate whether the consumption of adapted milk formulas and dairy products is associated with healthier dietary patterns and better diet quality and lifestyles in this group

Documento de consenso: importancia nutricional y metabólica de la leche

La leche de vaca es un alimento básico en la alimentación humana en todas las etapas de la vida. Su procesamiento industrial ha permitido el acceso generalizado a su consumo por parte de la población, lo que ha contribuido a mejorar notablemente su nivel de salud. Desde el punto de vista de su composición, la leche es un alimento completo y equilibrado, que proporciona un elevado contenido de nutrientes en relación con su contenido calórico, por lo que su consumo debe considerarse necesario desde la infancia a la tercera edad. Los beneficios de la leche de vaca no se limitan exclusivamente a su valor nutricional, sino que se extienden más allá y constituyen un factor de prevención en determinadas patologías afluentes como son la enfermedad cardiovascular, algunos tipos de cáncer, la hipertensión arterial o en patología ósea o dental. Puede contribuir también en la lucha frente al sobrepeso y la obesidad infantil. En los últimos años hemos asistido a un descenso preocupante en el consumo de leche entre la población española, condicionado al menos en parte por ideas equivocadas sobre su consumo y el de otros derivados lácteos. Este documento de consenso pretende revisar el estado actual de la cuestión en relación con los efectos del consumo de leche sobre la salud, al tiempo que hace una llamada a las instituciones y a las sociedades científicas para elaborar programas y campañas divulgativas sobre los beneficios del consumo de leche y derivados lácteos.Cow’s milk is a staple food for human consumption at all stages of life. Industrial processing has allowed widespread access to its consumption by the population, which has helped to significantly improve their health. From its composition point of view, milk is a complete and balanced food that provides high nutrient content in relation to its calorie content, so its consumption should be considered necessary from childhood to elderly. The benefits of cow’s milk are not limited to its nutritional value, but extend beyond and are a factor of prevention in certain non communicable pathologies as cardiovascular disease, some cancers, high blood pressure or bone or dental pathology. It can also help in the fight against childhood overweight and obesity. In recent years we have seen a worrying decline in milk consumption among the Spanish population, at least in part influenced by misconceptions about its consumption and of other dairy products. This consensus document aims to review the current state of the topic regarding the effects of milk consumption on health, while making a call to the institutions and scientific societies to develop programs and information campaigns about the benefits of milk and dairy products consumption

Importancia del agua en la hidratación de la población española: documento FESNAD 2010

For any healthy individual, thirst is an appropriate sign to drink water, except for babies, sportsmen, and most of ill and elderly people. In these instances, it is convenient to schedule appropriate times to drink water since great demands and the physiological mechanisms that determine thirst in these situations may condition water unbalances with important consequences for health and the physical and intellectual performance. The human body has a number of mechanisms that allow keeping constant the water content by adjusting intakes and wastes. Water balance is determined by intake (consumed water, beverages, and water contained in foods) and wastes (urine, stools, the skin, and expired air from the lungs). Failure of these mechanisms and subsequent impairments in water balance may produce severe disarrangements that may threaten somebody's life. In the present document, we analyze the evidences regarding the factors conditioning water needs in the different life stages and physiological situations, as well as the consequences of water unbalance under different situations. A proper hydration may be achieved by feeding and the use of water and other liquids. Although water is the beverage by excellence and represents the ideal way of restoring the losses and get hydrated, we should be aware that, from the very beginning, we have sought other liquid sources with hydration properties. In the last decades we have increased the consumption of different beverages, with a proliferation of sugar-containing beverages. Since excessive sugar consumption has been related to obesity and other chronic conditions, it is evident that the use of these caloric beverages should be rationalized, especially in children. In this document all the considerations regarding hydration are presented and different recommendations are expose